Photobiomodulation of the Microbiome: Implications for Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases

Laser Therapy
Written By Maddy Edwards

Authors: Brian Bicknell, Ann Liebert, Daniel Johnstone, Hosen Kiat
Publication Date: March 28, 2018 (Received) – July 16, 2018 (Accepted)
Access Link: Lasers in Medical Science

Summary

This study investigates the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) on the gut microbiome and its potential implications for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Researchers exposed Balb/c mice to red (660 nm) and infrared (808 nm) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) over a two-week period to assess changes in microbial diversity.

Protocols

  • Treatment groups: Sham control, single 660 nm exposure, multiple (3x/week) 660 nm, single 808 nm, multiple (3x/week) 808 nm.

  • Laser parameters:

    • 660 nm laser: 75 mW, 93.75 mW/cm² power density, duty cycle 25%.

    • 808 nm laser: 80 mW, 103.75 mW/cm² power density, duty cycle 11.25%.

    • Energy density (fluence): 10 J/cm² per session.

    • Application site: Abdomen, laser pressed against shaved skin.

    • Frequency: Single or three times per week for two weeks.

Findings

  • PBMt significantly altered microbial diversity (p < 0.05), particularly increasing Allobaculum (p < 0.001) after 14 days of infrared (808 nm) treatment.

  • Allobaculum is associated with improved mucosal integrity and metabolic health, and is typically reduced in obesity and circadian rhythm disorders.

  • The delayed response (14 days) suggests that PBMt modulates host inflammatory signalling, which in turn affects microbiome composition.

Implications

If confirmed in humans, PBMt could serve as an adjunct therapy for obesity, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders by influencing the gut microbiome. Further research is needed to determine specific mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Maddy Edwards
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The Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) in Modulating Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Related Diseases